Salivary gland stones, also known as sialoliths, are calcified structures that can form within the salivary glands. These stones block the flow of saliva, leading to pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. The submandibular glands are the most common site for these stones, but they can also occur in the parotid and sublingual glands.
Symptoms
- Pain and swelling in the affected gland
- Dry mouth
- Difficulty swallowing
- Pain that worsens during meals (when saliva production increases)
- Infection if the blockage is prolonged
Diagnosis
Dentists typically diagnose salivary gland stones through:
- Physical Examination: Feeling the glands and looking inside the mouth.
- Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound, or a CT scan to identify the stone’s location and size.
- Sialography: An X-ray of the salivary glands after injecting a contrast dye to highlight the ducts.
Treatment
- Hydration and Massage:
- Drinking plenty of water and massaging the affected gland to encourage the stone to pass naturally.
- Sialogogues:
- These are substances that stimulate saliva production, such as sour candies or lemon juice, which can help flush out the stone.
- Non-Invasive Procedures:
- Manual Extraction: If the stone is near the duct opening, a dentist may be able to remove it manually.
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): This uses sound waves to break the stone into smaller pieces that can be expelled more easily.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures:
- Sialendoscopy: A tiny camera and instruments are inserted into the duct to locate and remove the stone.
- Surgical Removal:
- In cases where the stone is too large or deeply embedded, minor surgery may be necessary to remove the stone.
- Antibiotics:
- If there is an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to manage and prevent further complications.
Preventive Measures
- Staying well-hydrated
- Practicing good oral hygiene
- Regular dental check-ups
Salivary gland stones can be uncomfortable, but with the right treatment, relief is possible. If you suspect you have a salivary gland stone, visit your dentist to discuss the best treatment options for your situation.
